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500-933MHz
This generational and chronological list of Intel microprocessors attempts to present all of Intel's processors (µPs) from the pioneering 4-bit 4004 (1971) to the present high-end offerings, the 64-bit Itanium 2 (2002) and Intel Core 2 and Xeon 5100 and 7100 series processors (2006). more...
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Concise technical data are given for each product.
Note: For a list of Intel's microcontrollers (µCs), see Intel microcontrollers.
The 4-bit processors
Intel 4004: 1st single-chip µP
Introduced November 15, 1971;
Clock speed 740 kHz;
0.06 MIPS;
Bus Width 4 bits (multiplexed address/data due to limited pins);
PMOS;
Number of Transistors 2,300 at 10 µm;
Addressable Memory 640 bytes;
Program Memory 4 KiB;
One of the earliest Commercial Microprocessors (cf. Four Phase Systems AL1, F14 CADC);
Originally designed to be used in Busicom calculator;
A 4004 formed the "brain" of the Pioneer 10 space probe, launched in March 1972. The projected mission lifetime was just over two years, but when the probe finally moved out of radio contact range in 2003, the computer and most of the other on-board electronic systems were still functioning.;
Trivia: The original goal was to equal the clock speed of the IBM 1620 (1 MHz); this was not quite met.;
4040
Introduced 4th Qtr, 1974;
Clock speed of 500 kHz to 740 kHz using 4 to 5.185 MHz crystals;
0.06 MIPS;
Bus Width 4 bits (multiplexed address/data due to limited pins);
PMOS;
Number of Transistors 3,000 at 10 µm;
Addressable Memory 640 bytes;
Program Memory 8 KiB;
Interrupts;
Enhanced version of 4004;
The 8-bit processors
8008
Introduced April 1, 1972;
Clock speed 500 kHz (8008-1: 800 kHz);
0.05 MIPS;
Bus Width 8 bits (multiplexed address/data due to limited pins);
PMOS;
Number of Transistors 3,500 at 10 µm;
Addressable memory 16 KiB;
Typical in dumb terminals, general calculators, bottling machines;
Developed in tandem with 4004;
Originally intended for use in the Datapoint 2200 terminal;
8080
Introduced April 1, 1974;
0.64 MIPS;
Bus Width 8 bits data, 16 bits address;
NMOS;
Addressable memory 64 KiB;
10X the performance of the 8008;
Used in the Altair 8800, Traffic light controller, cruise missile;
Required six support chips versus 20 for the 8008;
8085
Introduced March 1976;
Clock speed 5 MHz;
0.37 MIPS;
Bus Width 8 bits data, 16 bits address;
Number of Transistors 6,500 at 3 µm;
Assembly language downwards compatible with 8080.;
Used in Toledo scale. Also was used as a computer peripheral controller - modems, harddisks, etc...;
CMOS 80C85 in Radio Shack Model 100 portable.;
High level of integration, operating for the first time on a single 5 volt power supply, from 12 volts previously. Also featured two serial I/O connections.;
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